Aristotle
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tpywqMutIW4sWKQ_lF_KJVHXeALf-wtXanIzSm_wB3Y/edit
9. What is calmness and how does one instill it in an audience (remember that there are different kinds of audience)?
Calmness (praotes) is the settling down and quieting of anger (since anger is the opposite of calm). To instill this in the audience, one must first analyze what type of audience they are dealing with. If the audience is in a frenzy due to belittling, it is best to calm them by not engaging in such speech (at least not doing it voluntarily). However, if the insult has already occurred, retracting and admitting to one's mistake is the best course of action. This calms the audience as they see the speaker as "repenting" to them. If the speaker does not show remorse and instead ignores the audience's anger, it causes contempt and feeds more into their anger.
Essentially, the energy the speaker gives the audience gives back. Disrespect is met with disrespect. This would also require the speaker to read the room as they navigate their speech so that any anger that may arise can be extinguished with calm. A person's best choice, at times, may be to take a step back if the audience's anger intensifies.
"Further, [they are calm if] their anger has cooled with time and is not in its first stage; for time makes anger cease. 13. Greater anger toward a different person or vengeance already taken on another person earlier also causes anger to cease."
Another way to have a calm audience is to have a speaker whom the audience respects and fears. However, the latter depends upon a speaker's reputation.
10. How does Aristotle define friendliness and how does he suggest you can create this feeling?
In a way, calmness and friendliness (philia) are like siblings in Aristotle's positive emotion wheel. Both are a give and take. To receive friendliness, one must give friendliness. The relationship must exist mutually. To share in both pleasures and pain, without ulterior motives. As Aristotle defines it, "Let being friendly [to philein] be [defined as] wanting for someone what one thinks are good things for him, not what one thinks benefits oneself, and wanting what is potentially productive of these good things."
To create this feeling, it is best to be sociable, respectful, generous, just, brave, humorous, pleasant, and honorable. These traits lead to cascading effects. For example, if one is sociable, they are quick to reach out and have more opportunities to make friends. As people are more receptive to respectful and pleasant people, the person is able to create friendships. People also see friendliness based on their own friendships. The friend of my friend is my friend, the enemy of my friend is my enemy. Also, traits such as generosity are beneficial to people and people are eager to be with those who benefit them. While a trait like being just or honorable is admirable to have in a friend, humor can be just as effective as it's relatable to other people. These traits feed into one another and help grow a person's circle of friends and reputation.